As inter-state conflicts – the US-Israel-Iran war, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and Afghanistan-Pakistan tensions – reassert themselves as the defining feature of international security, transnational terrorism persists in the background. Unresolved issues, such as the legal status of the Foreign Terrorist Fighters (FTFs), left in the wake of Islamic State’s (IS) expulsion from Iraq and Syria, also remain unresolved. While Al-Qaeda and IS may be past their prime, both have adapted by decentralising operations, empowering regional affiliates, and forging alliances with local j ...