India has emerged as a major power in world politics since the end of the Cold War. The pros and cons of India’s power potential have been debated at length in terms of its economic capacities, expanding strategic horizons, and internal strengths and weaknesses. But there has been relatively little detailed investigation of its military forces and the ways in which they have responded to the changing environment. This book provides an in-depth analysis of India’s response to changing strategic demands with the evolving political framework, the nature of military modernization, its links to strategy, and the effectiveness of these changes. It discusses whether the needs of the armed forces and the overall strategic approach of policymakers correspond with its modernization. It also takes a close look at the army, navy, and air force while examining issues like internal security, the country’s relations with nations with whom it has defence ties, and the operation of nuclear forces.