A fact-based analysis makes it clear that Muslims are generally trying to integrate and that Islam is not itself a factor causing division or violence, notwithstanding some violent and divisive ideologies from some parts of the militant-inspired community. The structures of European societies do, though, need to be more open to accepting new communities and change. Meanwhile, Muslim and other immigrants can be more proactive in integrating and playing a role in host societies.

However, the challenge remains how to spread and promote a more positive understanding of Islam and the contribution Muslims can make to society.

…Paul Hedges is an associate professor in Interreligious Studies for the Studies in Inter-Religious Relations in Plural Societies (SRP) Programme, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore