A key part of JI’s infrastructure is its network of pesantren or boarding schools that has remained active in propagating its hard-line teachings, and where many of its militants were nurtured in recent decades. These deep-rooted networks are exceptionally resilient and almost never die, noted security analyst Noor Huda Ismail, a Visiting Fellow at RSIS, who has been helping to rehabilitate radicals, including former JI members.