I raised the issue of tribalism  as a social aspect that emanated from our public as a result of rampant social problems stemming from the financial crisis of 1997/98. I borrowed the idea from a paper written by an old friend Dr Arief Budiman, “Capitalism, Tribalism and Religion” (1999). He argued that racialism is a variant of tribalism, which he described as an attitude or instinct to treat anyone outside his/her own race as sub-human or inhuman.