Political parties have been issued advisories on foreign interference and cyber security risks ahead of the next general election (GE), where outcomes can be influenced by threats in both areas. Security expert Shashi Jayakumar, who heads the Centre of Excellence for National Security at NTU’s RSIS, said the advisory is very timely, given that the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has seen the world “awash with fake news and disinformation”. Mr Muhammad Faizal Abdul Rahman, a research fellow from the same centre, added that although foreign interference can have near-term impact, such actors are usually playing the strategic long game.