Given the varied consequences of online falsehoods and the difficulty in tracking perpetrators who are continuously finding ways to hide their tracks, experts said that countering fake news and those who spread them has to go beyond just introducing new laws. National security expert Shashi Jayakumar said that there is a challenge in identifying perpetrators who peddle online falsehoods. State actors can hide their tracks and have plausible deniability, said Dr Jayakumar, who heads the Centre of Excellence for National Security at RSIS.