This seminar aims to examine the “role” to be taken by India and Japan, individually or collectively, for the possible institutionalisation of Indo-Pacific multilateralism. The first session focuses on the security-defence institutionalisation, and some key questions to be addressed include what India and Japan can do for the development of FOIP and Quad, and whether they can possibly participate in the AUKUS, which Kurt Campbell labelled ‘open architecture’ with the US expectation of other states in Asia and Europe to join with over time. The second session examines role of India and Japan in the Indo-Pacific economic institutions, and some key questions include how the ‘Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI)’ among Australia, India and Japan can be strengthened, what Japan can do for India’s possible return to RCEP, or how Chia’s geo-economic tactics like its debt-trap diplomacy can be dealt with through the institutionalisation of FOIP.