Maritime security concerns in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) have been changing rapidly in the past decade, leading to three key difficulties. The first is the difficulty of gaining a broad consensus on how institutions and processes should prioritise between traditional and non-traditional security concerns. The second is the significant sub-regional variance of the types of security threats facing individual states and the varying capacity to respond to these threats. The third relates to addressing the role of extra-regional states in contributing towards maritime security in the IOR. Re-crafting security architecture in the IOR via modifying both institutions and processes in three core areas will significantly mitigate these three difficulties.”