This proposed book chapter in an edited volume examines the measures to enhance the effectiveness of the Indian military. It begins with a short discussion about India’s current strategic scenario emphasising the challenges posed by the rise of China, amidst constraints posed by tightening budgetary outlays. Next, the chapter engages with the concept of military effectiveness, disaggregating it into three levels—strategic, operational and defence industry. The next section explains the problems at these three levels. Thereafter, the chapter describes some of the recent changes in India’s higher defence organisation to argue that it is currently at the cusp of a significant military transformation. The penultimate section explains the measures that can be undertaken to attain such a transformation, building on these reform initiatives. In conclusion, the chapter discusses the importance of political management of the military.