This is a book chapter in a proposed handbook on Indian politics. The chapter provides an overview of the state of civil-military relations in India. This is especially germane as India is currently undertaking its most transformative post-independence defence reforms by creating a post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), among other measures. What are the sources of continuity and change in India's civil-military relations? How can India guard against politicisation of the military while consolidating civilian control and military effectiveness? While answering these questions, this chapter provides an overview of contemporary trends and debates in India's civil-military relations.