He has one high-tech piece of kit, however: a satellite navigation system that gives him a direct link to the Chinese coast guard should he run into bad weather or a Philippine or Vietnamese patrol ship when he’s fishing in the disputed South China Sea.

By the end of last year, China’s homegrown Beidou satellite system had been installed on more than 50,000 Chinese fishing boats, according to official media.

On Hainan, China’s gateway to the South China Sea, boat captains have paid no more than 10% of the cost. The government has paid the rest.

… “Right now I would say competition for fishing resources is the main cause of tensions between China and regional countries,” said Zhang Hongzhou, associate research fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.